Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguishing between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguishing between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing does not change with pancreatitis: the old way of life and diet will remain in the past, because the basis of pancreatitis treatment is almost a lifelong diet. The pancreas does not forgive dietary mistakes, responding immediately to pain and digestion.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease, it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to liver and gallbladder disorders, after poisoning by alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe eating disorders - prolonged fasting, sedentary diets for weight loss.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- Abdominal pain - sharp, dagger, almost to the extent that he loses consciousness in acute pancreatitis or is dull or painful in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- stool disorders, more often severe diarrhea, fever;
- drastic weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually admitted to the hospital. Exacerbation of chronic disease can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a physician. Self-medication in the case of pancreatitis is dangerous with the development of complications all the way to pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of glandular tissue, gland self-digestion) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Nutritional therapy for pancreatitis
Medical, enzyme and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is chosen by the physician based on the patient's condition and test data. However, the general principles of dietary correction always remain approximately the same. They give rest to the digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Diet in pancreatitis is severely limited - most common products will have to be forgotten.You should eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2, 5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep. But the volume fractions should be small - about 200-250 g, especially in the first moment after the disease worsens.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all are used in pureed form. Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you need to chew the food thoroughly.
Since the whole body suffers from an insufficient supply of nutrients in pancreatitis,should increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which put a heavy strain on the pancreas, are kept to a minimum. About 300 g of carbohydrates are given daily, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a sokogon effect - meat and fish soups, cabbage juice and broth - are removed from the diet; during a severe attack of pain, therapeutic fasting for 1-2 days under the supervision of a physician is recommended.
In case of pancreatitis it is necessary to drink more fluids -it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water a day, approximately every half hour and take 2-3 sips of water during the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis you have to stop smoking completely and consume alcohol. They are the most powerful provocateurs of attacks.
What to turn off?
The list of forbidden foods will become quite impressive and can be daunting at first. However, without adhering to these restrictions, you can wait a very long time. You can gradually carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of good nutrition.
Therefore, for the entire acute period or the moment of worsening of the chronic process it is necessary to exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, soups based on meat, mushroom and fish broths, soups themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- viscera - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy foods;
- canned food;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- side dishes of millet, corn, barley, legumes;
- cabbage, beets, radishes, radishes, rutabaga, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranate, cranberries;
- chocolate, canned;
- spicy french fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated beverages, even mineral water (no gas only);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh pastries and pastries, pancakes, pies, shortbread cakes.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite large, but it is only for the duration of the acute process. Then you can gradually expand the diet, but boring and "heavy" meals you will have to forget almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question asked after reading the ban list. Of course, the diet is not too varied, but it is aimed at maintaining the calmness of the pancreas and alleviating inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dried bread, croutons;
- vegetable soups, noodles;
- steamed meat dishes and poultry - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pate, meat puree;
- boiled fish fillet (lean), baked fish, omelet;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and mild cheese, kefir;
- vegetable oils and butter oils (in porridges);
- vegetable purees and stews, cooked vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in agreement with your doctor you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the deterioration subsides, in the acute phase of pancreatitis are prescribed fasting and gradual introduction of food. When composing a diet, keep in mind: you should have at least five meals that are approximately equal in calorie content and digestive load.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
Day One
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, pomegranate soup - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese -100 g, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs. , weak tea with milk, a slice of dark bread.
Day Two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot souffle - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: soup with noodles - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, mashed vegetables - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: apple sauce - 200 g, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes -200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, cheese sandwich (30 g of cheese, a slice of toasted bread), weak tea with milk, a slice of dark bread.
Third day
- Breakfast: zucchini and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, white dried bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, cooked meat, mashed potatoes - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge -200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Fourth day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (no gas! ).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, white toast - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, pomegranate soup - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelet - 100 g, baked sweet apple, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs. , weak tea with milk, a slice of dark bread.
Fifth day
- Breakfast: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs. , weak tea with milk, a slice of dark bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, pomegranate soup - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruit - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese -100 g, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (calm! ).
By following a doctor’s advice, strictly adhering to a diet, and adhering to all prescriptions, relief can be achieved quickly. But a fairly strict diet with a restriction of "heavy" food will last from 3 to 6 months. And then you will constantly have to limit fatty, fried, spices and canned foods.